鎹甆PL(鑻卞浗鍥藉鐗╃悊瀹為獙瀹?瀹樼綉娑堟伅錛屼笘鐣屼笂絎竴涓狪SO鐭沖ⅷ鐑爣鍑嗗凡緇忓嚭鐗堛傝鏍囧噯鐢辮嫳鍥藉浗瀹剁墿鐞嗗疄楠屽(NPL)棰嗗鍒跺畾錛屽畾涔変簡鐢ㄤ簬鎻忚堪璁稿涓嶅悓褰㈠紡鐨勭煶澧ㄧ儻鍜岀浉鍏?D鏉愭枡鐨勬湳璇紝涓虹煶澧ㄧ儻鐨勬祴璇曞拰楠岃瘉鎻愪緵渚濇嵁鍜屾爣鍑嗐傝鏍囧噯灝嗕負鐭沖ⅷ鐑涓氭彁渚涗竴鑷寸殑鏍囧噯錛屽茍鍔犻熶互鐭沖ⅷ鐑負浠ｈ〃鐨勪簩緇存潗鏂欑殑鍟嗕笟寮鍙戙?/span>
鍏ㄧ悆絎竴涓狪SO(鍥介檯鏍囧噯鍖栫粍緇?鐭沖ⅷ鐑爣鍑嗗凡緇忓嚭鐗堛傝鏍囧噯灝嗕負鏂板叴鐨勫叏鐞冪煶澧ㄧ儻琛屼笟鎻愪緵涓鑷寸殑鏍囧噯錛屽茍鍔犻熶互鐭沖ⅷ鐑負浠ｈ〃鐨勪簩緇存潗鏂欑殑鍟嗕笟寮鍙戙?/span>
鐢辮嫳鍥藉浗瀹剁墿鐞嗗疄楠屽(NPL)棰嗗鍒跺畾鐨勬柊鍥介檯鏍囧噯錛屽畾涔変簡鐢ㄤ簬鎻忚堪璁稿涓嶅悓褰㈠紡鐨勭煶澧ㄧ儻鍜岀浉鍏?D鏉愭枡鐨勬湳璇紝涓虹煶澧ㄧ儻鐨勬祴璇曞拰楠岃瘉鎻愪緵渚濇嵁鍜屾爣鍑嗐傝繖灝嗕負涓庣煶澧ㄧ儻鐩稿叧鐨勫埗閫犲晢銆佷緵搴斿晢銆侀潪鏀垮簻緇勭粐銆佷駭涓氳仈鐩熷拰瀛︽湳鐣屾彁渚涙竻鏅扮殑渚濇嵁錛屽府鍔╄В閿佺煶澧ㄧ儻鐨勬柊搴旂敤錛岄檷浣庡埗閫犳垚鏈紝騫舵帹鍔ㄥ紑鍙戠敤浜庝笅涓浠ｈ綆楁満鑺墖銆佹湇瑁呮櫤鑳戒紶鎰熷櫒鐨勫伐涓氳妯＄殑鐭沖ⅷ鐑潗鏂欍?/span>
鐢變簬鐭沖ⅷ鐑紭寮傜殑鎬ц川鍜屽箍闃旂殑甯傚満鍓嶆櫙錛屽鏈晫鍜屼駭涓氱晫瀵逛簬鐭沖ⅷ鐑殑鐑儏涓鐩存湁澧炴棤鍑忥紝鍏ㄧ悆宸叉湁涓婄櫨瀹跺叕鍙稿弬涓庡埗澶囨垨搴旂敤鐭沖ⅷ鐑紝鐭沖ⅷ鐑鍦ㄥ艦鎴愪竴涓法澶х殑浜т笟銆傜劧鑰岋紝铏界劧璇稿鈥滃寤剁煶澧ㄧ儻鈥濓紝鈥滅煶澧ㄧ儻姘у寲鐗┾濆拰鈥滃皯灞傜煶澧ㄧ儻鈥濊繖鏍風殑鏈鍦ㄦ暣涓涓氫箣鍓嶈鏅亶浣跨敤錛屼絾鏄湪榪欎釜鏂版爣鍑嗗嚭鐗堜箣鍓嶏紝瀵硅繖浜涙湳璇茍娌℃湁鏅亶璁ゅ悓鐨勫畾涔夈傜敋鑷沖湪鏌愪簺鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍑犵櫨灞傚帤鐭沖ⅷ鐑閿欒鍦版爣璁頒負鈥滃皯灞傜煶澧ㄧ儻鈥濄傝繖浼氬鑷存鍦ㄥ紑鍙戞柊浜у搧鐨勫叕鍙鎬笉鑳藉厖鍒嗕簡瑙ｅ競鍞煶澧ㄧ儻鏉愭枡鐨勬ц兘錛屽茍閫夋嫨鏈閫傚悎鍏跺簲鐢ㄧ殑鏉愭枡銆傛爣鍑嗙殑緙哄け鏄煶澧ㄧ儻浜у搧鍟嗕笟鍖栫殑鍏抽敭澹佸瀿錛屽獎鍝嶄簡浜轟滑瀵圭煶澧ㄧ儻渚涘簲鍟嗙殑淇′換銆?/span>
鐢變簬璁よ瘑鍒扮煶澧ㄧ儻琛屼笟鐨勬槑紜渶姹傦紝NPL浣滀負鑻卞浗鏍囧噯鍗忎細(BSI)鑻卞浗綰崇背鎶鏈爣鍑嗗寲濮斿憳浼?NTI / 1)鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎錛屼簬2013騫村惎鍔ㄤ簡鐭沖ⅷ鐑疘SO鏍囧噯鐨勫埗瀹氥傜粡榪囦弗鏍肩殑寮鍙戣繃紼嬶紝娑夊強涓嶅悓鍥藉鐨勬妧鏈笓瀹?7浜猴紝璇ユ爣鍑嗙幇鍦ㄥ彲浠ュ湪綰胯幏鍙栵紝鍏朵腑鍖呭惈浜嗗叧浜?D鏉愭枡銆佹潗鏂欑敓浜с佹潗鏂欑壒鎬у拰鏉愭枡灞炴х被鍨嬬殑99涓湳璇拰瀹氫箟錛屾墍鏈夎繖浜涢兘鍙互鍦↖SO鍦ㄧ嚎嫻忚騫沖彴涓厤璐硅幏寰椼?/span>
NPL鐨凱oll Pollard鍗氬＋涓嶤harles Clifford鍗氬＋鍏卞悓棰嗗浜嗚鏍囧噯鐨勫彂灞曪紝浠栬瘎璁鴻錛氣滅煶澧ㄧ儻鐢熶駭鑰呭拰鏈緇堢敤鎴峰騫存潵涓鐩存媴蹇冿紝涓嶄竴鑷寸殑瀹氫箟銆佹湳璇剰鍛崇潃榪欎簺鏉愭枡鐨勫晢涓氬寲榪涘睍緙撴參錛岄毦浠ョ‘瀹氱煶澧ㄧ儻鍜岀煶澧ㄤ駭鍝佷箣闂寸殑宸紓銆傝繖涓爣鍑嗚В鍐充簡榪欎釜闅滅錛屾槸鐭沖ⅷ鐑繖涓柊鍏磋涓氬悜鏍囧噯鍖栬繄鍑虹殑絎竴姝ャ?/span>
鏍囧噯鍚嶇О錛?/span>
ISO/TS 80004-13:2017(en)錛?/span>
Graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials
鐭沖ⅷ鐑拰鐩稿叧鐨勪簩緇存潗鏂?/span>
鏍囧噯涓儴鍒嗕笌鐭沖ⅷ鐑湁鍏崇殑鏈錛?/span>
鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
鐭沖ⅷ鐑眰錛?/span>
鍗曞眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
瀹氫箟錛氬崟灞傜⒊鍘熷瓙錛屾瘡涓師瀛愪笌鐩擱偦鐨勪笁涓⒊鍘熷瓙浠ヨ渹紿濈姸緇撴瀯緇撳悎銆?single layer of carbon atoms with each atom bound to three neighbours in a honeycomb structure)銆?/span>
娉?錛氳繖鏄澶氱⒊綰崇背鏉愭枡鐨勯噸瑕佺粍鎴愰儴鍒嗐?/span>
娉?錛氱敱浜庣煶澧ㄧ儻鏄崟灞傦紝鏈夋椂涔熻縐頒負鍗曞眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑紝綆縐頒負1LG錛屼互灝嗗叾涓庡弻灞傜煶澧ㄧ儻(2LG)鍜屽眰鐘剁煶澧ㄧ儻(FLG)鍖哄垎寮鏉ャ?/span>
娉?錛氱煶澧ㄧ儻鍏鋒湁杈圭紭錛屽茍涓斿湪閿鐮村潖鐨勫湴鏂瑰彲鑳藉叿鏈夌己闄峰拰鏅剁晫銆?/span>
鍙屽眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
2LG
鐢變袱涓凡緇忔槑紜畾涔夌殑鐭沖ⅷ鐑眰灞傚彔緇勬垚鐨勪簩緇存潗鏂欍?/span>
娉?錛氬鏋滃爢鍨涙柟寮忓凡鐭ワ紝鍒欏彲浠ュ崟鐙寚瀹氾紝渚嬪鈥淏ernal鍫嗗彔鍙屽眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑濄?/span>
鎵洸鍙屽眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
娑℃祦鍙屽眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
tBLG
t2LG
鐢變袱涓槑紜畾涔夌殑鐭沖ⅷ鐑眰緇勬垚鐨勪簩緇存潗鏂欙紝鍏跺叿鏈夌浉瀵瑰爢鍙犺搴︼紝鎴栫О涓虹浉瀵規棆杞紝闈濨ernal(鍏竟褰? 鎴栬彵褰㈠爢縐?/span>
涓夊眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
3LG
鐢變笁涓槑紜畾涔夌殑灞傚彔鐭沖ⅷ鐑眰緇勬垚鐨勪簩緇存潗鏂欍?/span>
娉?錛氬鏋滃爢鍨涙柟寮忔槸宸茬煡鐨勶紝鍙互鍗曠嫭鎸囧畾錛屼緥濡傗滄壄鏇茬殑涓夊眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑濄?/span>
灝戝眰鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
FLG
鐢變笁鍒板崄涓槑紜畾涔夌殑灞傚彔鐭沖ⅷ鐑眰緇勬垚鐨勪簩緇存潗鏂?/span>
鐭沖ⅷ鐑撼綾崇墖錛堟澘錛夛細
GNP
鐢辯煶澧ㄧ儻灞傜粍鎴愮殑綰崇背鏉?鐗?
娉?錛欸NP閫氬父鍏鋒湁1nm鑷?nm鐨勫帤搴﹀拰綰?00nm鑷?00渭m鐨勬í鍚戝昂瀵搞?/span>
姘у寲鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
GO
閫氳繃鐭沖ⅷ姘у寲鍜屽墺紱誨埗澶囩殑鍖栧鏀規х煶澧ㄧ儻銆?/span>
娉?錛氭哀鍖栫煶澧ㄧ儻鏄叿鏈夐珮姘у惈閲忕殑鍗曞眰鏉愭枡錛屽叾鍏稿瀷鐗瑰緛涓篊 / O鍘熷瓙姣旂害涓?.0錛岃繖鍙栧喅浜庡悎鎴愭柟娉曘?/span>
榪樺師姘у寲鐭沖ⅷ鐑細
RGO
榪樺師澶勭悊鐨勬哀鍖栫煶澧ㄧ儻錛屽噺灝戞哀鍚噺
娉?錛氬彲浠ラ氳繃鍖栧銆佺儹銆佸井娉€佸厜鍖栧銆佸厜鐑垨寰敓鐗?緇嗚弻鏂規硶鍑忓皯姘у寲鐭沖ⅷ鐑噸鐨勬哀鍚噺鏉ュ埗澶囥?/span>
娉?錛氬鏋滄哀鍖栫煶澧ㄧ儻琚畬鍏ㄨ繕鍘燂紝鍒欐垚涓虹煶澧ㄧ儻浜у搧銆?鐒惰岋紝鍦ㄥ疄璺典腑錛屼竴浜涘惈姘у畼鑳藉洟灝嗕繚鐣欙紝騫朵笉鏄墍鏈夌殑sp3閿兘灝嗚繑鍥炲埌sp2鏋勫瀷銆?涓嶅悓鐨勮繕鍘熷墏灝嗗鑷翠笉鍚岀殑紕蟲哀姣斿拰涓嶅悓鐨勫寲瀛︽垚鍒嗗湪榪樺師鐨勭煶澧ㄧ儻姘у寲鐗╀腑銆?/span>
娉?錛氬彲浠ユ湁涓嶅悓鐨勫艦鎬侊紝濡傜墖鐘跺拰锠曡櫕鐘剁粨鏋勩?/span>
鍏充簬ISO鏍囧噯錛?/span>
ISO鏍囧噯鏄寚鐢便?鍥介檯鏍囧噯鍖栫粍緇?International Organization for Standardization錛?ISO) 銆忓埗璁㈢殑鏍囧噯銆?鍥介檯鏍囧噯鍖栫粍緇囨槸涓涓敱鍥藉鏍囧噯鍖栨満鏋勭粍鎴愮殑涓栫晫鑼冨洿鐨勮仈鍚堜細錛岀幇鏈?40涓垚鍛樺浗銆傛牴鎹緇勭粐绔犵▼錛屾瘡涓涓浗瀹跺彧鑳芥湁涓涓渶鏈変唬琛ㄦх殑鏍囧噯鍖栧洟浣撲綔涓哄叾鎴愬憳錛屽師鍥藉璐ㄩ噺鎶鏈洃鐫ｅ眬浠SBTS鍚嶄箟鍥藉弬鍔營SO媧誨姩銆?/span>
