杞儙鐨勫嚭鐜版瀬澶у湴鏀硅繘浜嗘苯杞︾殑椹鵑┒鍜屼箻鍧愪綋楠屻備笉澶稿紶鍦拌錛屽鏋滄病鏈夎疆鑳庯紝鏁翠釜鐜頒唬姹借濺宸ヤ笟涓嶇煡閬撹鎺ㄨ繜澶氫箙鎵嶈兘鍍忎粖澶╄繖鏍鋒櫘鍙娿傜劧鑰岋紝杞儙鐨勬潗璐ㄤ粠澶╃劧姍¤兌鍒板悎鎴愭鑳剁殑鍒跺榪囩▼鍗村巻緇忓崈杈涗竾鑻︺傚悎鎴愭鑳剁殑鍑虹幇錛屾墠鐪熸寮濮嬩簡杞儙琛屼笟鐨勬柊鏃朵唬銆傝屽浐鐗瑰紓杞儙姝ｆ槸鍊熷姪浜嗚繖涓鍙戞槑錛屾墠鎴愪負鍏ㄧ悆杞儙鐨勯鍐涗紒涓氫箣涓銆?/span>
浠婂ぉ錛屾姇璧勫灝辯洰鍏夊鍑嗗浐鐗瑰紓杞儙錛屽洖欏捐繖瀹惰疆鑳庡法澶寸殑120澶氬勾鐨勯闆ㄥ巻紼嬨?/span>
涓銆佹湁浜嗚疆鑳庯紝姹借濺鎵嶆垚涓烘苯杞?/span>
涓栫晫涓婄涓閮ㄥ洓杞苯杞﹀彂鏄庤呮槸寰峰浗浜烘埓濮嗗嫆錛屼粬鍦ㄤ竴杈嗗洓杞┈杞︿笂瀹夎浜嗚嚜宸辯爺鍒剁殑姹借濺鍙戝姩鏈猴紝浠ユ瘡灝忔椂18鍗冪背鐨勯熷害琛岄┒銆傞殢鍚庡湪1890騫達紝浠栨垚绔嬩簡鎴村鍕掑叕鍙搞?/span>
鍥句笂鍙互娓呮鐪嬪埌錛屾苯杞﹀垰鍙戞槑鍑烘潵鏃訛紝浣跨敤鐨勫茍闈炴鑳惰疆鑳庯紝鑰屾槸閲戝睘杞儙銆?/span>
鏃╂湡鐨勬苯杞︿嬌鐢ㄦ湪鍒舵垨閾佸埗鐨勮濺杞紝姹借濺鐨勬偓鏋剁粨鏋勪篃涓嶅畬鍠勶紝鍐嶅姞涓婅礬闈㈣椹舵潯浠朵笉濂斤紝灝界姹借濺琛岄┒閫熷害涓嶉珮錛屼絾榪樻槸棰犵案寰楀帀瀹熾傛湁浣嶆搗鍐涗笂鏍″涔樺潗鏃╂湡姹借濺鐨勬劅鍙楀涓嬭拷榪幫細鈥滆濺瀛愮殑鍓х儓棰犵案浣挎垜鑱旀兂鍒拌嵂姘寸摱涓婄殑璇存槑鈥斺旀湇鍓嶆憞鍖鈥濄?/span>
濡傛灉娌℃湁杞儙錛屽伐涓氭枃鏄庢渶閲嶈鐨勬爣蹇椾箣涓鐨勬苯杞﹀皢涓嶇煡鍙戝睍鎴愭庢牱銆傛湁浜嗚疆鑳庯紝姹借濺鎵嶈兘鍦ㄩ亾璺笂綰墊í椋為┌銆佺┛榪囧北娌沖ぇ嫻鳳紝閫佷漢浠幓浠諱綍鎯沖幓鐨勫湴鏂廣傝疆鑳庯紝鎷呰礋鐨勬槸姹借濺鍜屽湴闈㈢洿鎺ユ帴瑙︾殑閲嶄換錛屽洜鑰岃疆鑳庣殑鎬ц兘錛屽湪寰堝ぇ紼嬪害涓婂喅瀹氱潃姹借濺鐨勬ц兘銆?/span>
鍙堢粡榪囦簡鍑犲崄騫寸殑鍙戝睍錛屾鑳舵墠琚箍娉涘簲鐢ㄤ簬鍒墮犺疆鑳庯紝浠庤岄犲氨浜嗘苯杞︿駭涓氱殑闈╁懡銆傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎杞儙瀹夎鍦ㄩ噾灞炶疆緗戜笂錛屼笉浠呰兘鏀壙杞﹁韓錛岃繕鑳界紦鍐插鐣屽啿鍑伙紝蹇呴』鍏鋒湁杈冮珮鐨勬壙杞芥ц兘銆佺壍寮曟ц兘銆佺紦鍐叉ц兘錛屽疄鐜頒笌璺潰鐨勬帴瑙﹀茍淇濊瘉杞﹁締鐨勮椹舵ц兘銆?/span>
浜屻佸叏鐞冭疆鑳庝駭涓氭牸灞錛氫笁瓚抽紟绔?/span>
杞儙甯稿湪澶嶆潅鍜岃嫑鍒葷殑鏉′歡涓嬩嬌鐢紝瀹冨湪琛岄┒鏃舵壙鍙楃潃鍚勭鍙樺艦銆佽礋鑽楓佸姏浠ュ強楂樹綆娓╀綔鐢紝鍚屾椂錛岃繕瑕佹眰鍏峰楂樿愮（鎬у拰鑰愬眻鎸犳э紝浠ュ強浣庣殑婊氬姩闃誨姏涓庣敓鐑с傝疆鑳庣殑緇勬垚緇撴瀯涓惈鏈夊ぇ閲忎笉鍚岀殑鍘熸潗鏂欙紝闇瑕佽繘琛岃皟鏁翠互婊¤凍涓嶅悓鐨勬ц兘闇姹傘?/span>
杞儙鐨勪富瑕佹垚鏈瀯鎴愪負澶╃劧姍¤兌銆佸悎鎴愭鑳躲侀挗涓濆笜綰褲佺偔榛戙佸寲宸ュ姪鍓傚強鍏跺畠錛屽ぉ鐒舵鑳跺拰鍚堟垚姍¤兌鏄疆鑳庣殑涓昏鍘熸潗鏂欙紝涓よ呭彲浠ラ儴鍒嗙浉浜掓浛浠ｏ紝浣嗘槸鍏ㄩ挗杞儙涓ぉ鐒舵鑳剁殑娣誨姞姣斾緥楂樹簬鍗婇挗杞儙錛岄挗涓濆笜綰挎槸杞儙鐨勯鏋舵潗鏂欙紝杞儙涓坊鍔犵偔榛戜富瑕佹彁鍗囪愮（鎬ц兘銆?/span>
鐢變簬鍘熼厤鑳庡拰鏇挎崲鑳庣殑闇姹傚緇堝瓨鍦紝浣垮緱鍏ㄧ悆杞儙鐨勯攢鍞暟閲忕ǔ姝ュ闀匡紝閿鍞鍙楀埌澶╄兌浠鋒牸涓嬫粦鐨勫獎鍝嶈岀暐鏈変笅婊戙傛媧層佹棩鏈拰緹庡浗鐨勭敓浜у巶瀹墮泦涓害楂橈紝嬈ф床鍜屾棩鏈殑鍘傚瀹炲姏灝や負寮哄姴錛屾媧蹭富瑕佸巶瀹朵負綾沖叾鏋椼佸ぇ闄嗗拰鍊嶈愬姏錛岃礎鐚簡95%鐨勯攢鍞錛涙棩鏈殑涓昏鍘傚涓烘櫘鍒╁徃閫氥侀倱紱勬櫘鍜屾í婊紝璐＄尞浜?3%鐨勯攢鍞錛涚編鍥界殑涓昏鍘傚涓哄浐鐗瑰紓錛堜粖澶╂湰鏂囩殑涓昏錛夈佸浐閾傦紝榪欎袱瀹惰礎鐚簡91%浠ヤ笂鐨勯攢鍞銆?/span>
鍏ㄧ悆杞儙浼佷笟鎺掑悕絎竴姊槦鐨勪笁瀹朵紒涓氭槸鏅埄鍙擱氥佺背鍏舵灄鍜屽浐鐗瑰紓銆傛櫘鍒╁徃閫氱ǔ鍧愯疆鑳庡競鍦鴻佸ぇ鍗佸騫存椂闂達紝鏀惰喘Firestone鍚庯紝鏅埄鍙擱氭垚涓哄叏鐞冩渶澶х殑杞儙鍘傦紝綾沖叾鏋楃◢寰惤鍚庯紝灞堝眳絎簩錛岃屼粖澶╂湰鏂囩殑涓昏鍥虹壒寮傦紝铏界劧鏈夌潃鈥滄牴綰㈣嫍姝ｂ濈殑琛緇燂紝浣嗙敱浜庣珵浜夌瓥鐣ョ殑澶卞綋錛屾棤濂堣惤鍒頒簡涓や綅鍚庣敓瀹朵箣鍚庯紝鍙兘浣嶅垪絎笁浜嗐?/span>
浠婂ぉ錛屾垜浠鍏堟潵鑱婅亰鑰佷笁鍥虹壒寮傜殑鎴愰暱鍘嗙▼銆?/span>
涓夈佸浐鐗瑰紓鐨勮壈闅懼彂瀹跺巻紼?/span>
1. 紜寲姍¤兌涔嬬埗
鏌ュ皵鏂?middot;鍥虹壒寮傦紙Charles. Goodyear錛?800-1860錛夛紝褰撲粬鍙戞槑鈥滅～鍖栨鑳垛濈殑鏃跺欙紝浠栨病鏈夋兂鍒幫紝榪欎釜鑰楄垂浜嗘棤鏁扮簿鍔涳紝鍊炬敞娉ㄤ簡鏃犻檺甯屾湜鐨勫彂鏄庡茍娌℃湁甯粬鑷村瘜錛屽弽鑰岃浠栨洿鍔犺傳鍥幫紝騫舵渶鍚庡洜璐梾浜ゅ姞鑰屽幓涓栥?/span>
紜寲姍¤兌涔嬬埗錛屾煡灝旀柉·鍥虹壒寮?/span>
鍚屾牱錛屽綋寮楀叞鍏?middot;鍙蹭集鏋椾負浜嗙邯蹇佃繖浣嶇～鍖栨鑳朵箣鐖訛紝鎶婅嚜宸卞垱寤虹殑杞儙姍¤兌鍏徃鍛藉悕涓衡滃浐鐗瑰紓鈥濈殑鏃跺欙紝浠栦篃娌℃湁鎯沖埌錛岀櫨騫翠箣鍚庯紝榪欎笁涓瓧鎴愪負杞儙涓氭渶鍝嶄寒鐨勫悕瀛椾箣涓銆?/span>
1800騫?1鏈?9鏃ワ紝鏌ュ皵鏂?鍥虹壒寮傜敓浜庣編鍥藉悍娑呯媱鏍煎窞鐨勭航榛戞枃銆備粬鐨勭埗浜叉槸涓ご鑴戝緢鑱槑鐨勪漢錛岀粡甯歌兘鍙戞槑涓浜涘緢鏈夋剰鎬濈殑灝忎簲閲戝拰瀹跺叿銆?817騫達紝16宀佺殑鍥虹壒寮傚埌璐瑰煄鐨勪簲閲戝巶瀛﹀緬錛?騫翠箣鍚庝粬鍥炲埌浜嗙航榛戞枃涓庣埗浜蹭竴璧風粡鍟嗐?/span>
1826騫村浐鐗瑰紓涓庝粬鐨勭埗浜插湪璐瑰煄寤虹瓚浜嗙編鍥界涓涓喍閲戠倝錛屼絾涔熻鐖跺瓙涓や漢鐨勫ぉ璧嬮兘鍦ㄥ彂鏄庡垱閫犱笂錛屽濡備綍緇忓晢涓鏃犳墍鐭ワ紝鏈緇堣繖涓喍閲戝巶闄峰叆浜嗙粡钀ヤ笉鍠勩?830騫村鍛婄牬浜э紱鍥虹壒寮傛湰浜轟篃鍥犳瑺鍊鴻繃澶氾紝鎺ヤ簩榪炰笁鍦伴伃鍙楃墷鐙變箣鑻︼紙鍦ㄩ偅涓勾浠ｏ紝嬈犲鴻繃澶氭槸鏈夊彲鑳借繘鐩戠墷鐨勶級銆?/span>
鍗充嬌鍦ㄧ洃鐙變箣涓紝鍥虹壒寮備篃娌℃湁鍋滀笅鏉ワ紝鑰屾槸浠嶇劧鍧氭寔鑷繁鍦ㄦ鑳舵柟闈㈢殑璇曢獙銆傚嚭鐙變箣鍚庯紝鐢變簬璐㈠姏鏈夐檺錛屼粬緇堟浜嗚嚜宸卞湪浜旈噾涓婄殑涓氬姟錛屾垚涓轟簡涓鍚嶄笓鑱岀殑鍙戞槑鑰呫備粬鎵鐮旂┒鐨勬柟鍚戝氨鏄姍¤兌榪欑鏉愭枡榪涜鏀規с?/span>
19涓栫邯鍒濓紝鑻卞浗鍜岀編鍥藉叴璧鋒棭鏈熺殑姍¤兌宸ヤ笟銆備絾姍¤兌鍗存湁涓涓嚧鍛界殑緙虹偣錛屽氨鏄娓╁害榪囦簬鏁忔劅銆傛俯搴︾◢楂樺畠灝變細鍙樿蔣鍙樼矘錛岃屼笖鏈夎嚟鍛籌紱娓╁害涓浣庡畠灝變細鍙樿剢鍙樼‖銆傝繖涓緙虹偣鍍忓緱姍¤兌浜у搧姣棤甯傚満錛屾棭鏈熺殑姍¤兌宸ヤ笟鏃犱竴渚嬪鍦伴櫡鍏ヤ簡鍗辨満銆?/span>
1834騫村澶╋紝鍥虹壒寮傚弬瑙備簡綰界害鐨勫嵃絎畨姍¤兌鍏徃錛屼粬浜嗚В鍒幫紝姍¤兌鐨勬ц川鍥版壈鐫鏁翠釜姍¤兌宸ヤ笟錛屼絾姍¤兌鍚屾椂鍏鋒湁楂樺脊鎬с佸彲濉戞с佽愮敤銆侀槻姘淬佺粷緙樼瓑涓緋誨垪浼樼鎬ц川錛屽洜鑰屽浐鐗瑰紓鍐沖績鐮旂┒姍¤兌鐨勬敼鎬с?/span>
浜庢槸鍥虹壒寮傝漿韜氨鍥炲鎼炲疄楠屼簡錛屼絾鏄濡傚墠鏂囨墍璦錛屾鏃朵粬宸茬粡鐮翠駭錛屽疄楠屽浠庝綍鑰屾潵鍛紵濂藉湪鍥虹壒寮備漢緙樹笉閿欙紝涓涓嵂鍓傚笀鏈嬪弸鍊熶簡浠栦竴涓皬闃佹ゼ銆備粬灝卞湪榪欎釜灝忛榿妤奸噷寮濮嬩簡婕暱鐨勮瘯楠岋紝灝嗘墍鏈夌殑鍙兘鐨勬潗鏂欙紝閫愪釜涓庢鑳惰繘琛岃瘯楠屻傜粡榪?騫寸殑鏃墮棿錛屽皬鍥虹粓浜庡彇寰椾簡鍒濇鐨勬垚鍔熴?/span>
1837騫村浐鐗瑰紓鐢ㄧ閰稿鐞嗘鑳惰杽鐗囧茍鍙栧緱鈥滈吀姘旇繃紼嬧濈殑涓撳埄銆備粬鐢ㄨ繖涓妧鏈拰鏈嬪弸寮浜嗕釜宸ュ巶錛屼笓闂ㄧ敓浜ф晳鐢熻。銆侀瀷瀛愮瓑姍¤兌鍒跺搧銆傜敱浜庢妧鏈瘮杈冪墰錛屾墍浠ュ伐鍘傝搗鍒濆彂灞曠殑寰堜笉閿欍備絾澶╂湁涓嶆祴椋庝簯錛岀敱浜庣垎鍙戜簡緇忔祹鍗辨満錛屽伐鍘傛騫翠究鍊掗棴浜嗭紝浜庢槸浠栧彧鑳介噸鎿嶆棫涓氾紝緇х畫浠栫殑姍¤兌鐮旂┒銆?/span>
1839騫?鏈堬紝鍥虹壒寮傜殑璇曢獙鏈変簡閲嶅ぇ紿佺牬錛屼粬鍋剁劧鎶婃鑳躲佹哀鍖栭搮鍜岀～榛勬斁鍦ㄤ竴璧鳳紝鍔犵儹騫跺緱鍒頒簡綾諱技鐨潻鐘剁殑鐗╄川銆傚拰浠ュ線鐨勫脊鎬ф鑳朵笉鍚岋紝榪欑鐗╄川涓嶄細鍦ㄨ緝楂樼殑娓╁害涓嬪垎瑙ｃ傛鍚庝粬緇忚繃涓緋誨垪鏀硅壇錛屾渶緇堢‘淇★紝浠栨墍鍒跺鐨勮繖縐嶇墿璐ㄤ笉浼氬湪娌哥偣浠ヤ笅鐨勪換浣曟俯搴﹀垎瑙ｏ紝鈥滄鑳剁～鍖栨妧鏈濋棶涓栦簡銆傚浐鐗瑰紓鏈漢涔熸垚涓轟簡紜寲姍¤兌涔嬬埗銆?/span>
鈥斺旇儗鏅煡璇嗭細
鍦ㄨ璇嗙～鍖栨鑳朵箣鍓嶏紝鎴戜滑鍏堟潵綆鍗曚粙緇嶄竴涓嬫鑳躲傛寜鐓у埗鎴愭柟寮忕殑涓嶅悓錛屾鑳跺彲浠ュ垎涓哄ぉ鐒舵鑳朵笌鍚堟垚姍¤兌涓ょ被錛氬ぉ鐒舵鑳朵笌鍚堟垚姍¤兌銆傚ぉ鐒舵鑳舵槸鎸囦粠宸磋タ姍¤兌鏍戜笂閲囬泦鐨勫ぉ鐒惰兌涔籌紝緇忚繃鍑濆浐銆佸共鐕ョ瓑鍔犲伐宸ュ簭鑰屽埗鎴愮殑寮規у浐鐘剁墿銆傚悎鎴愭鑳訛紝鏄寚浜哄伐鍒舵垚鐨勶紝鐢ㄤ簬寮規т綋鐨勯珮鍒嗗瓙鏉愭枡銆?/span>
鑰屽悎鎴愭鑳墮氬父鎬ц兘杈冨樊錛屼笉鏄撴垚鍨嬶紝鍙楃儹鍙樿蔣錛岄亣鍐峰彉紜彉鑴嗭紝瀹規槗紓ㄦ崯鍜岃佸寲銆傜～鍖栨槸瀵規鑳舵ц兘榪涜鏀硅壇鐨勪竴縐嶈繃紼嬨傚湪紜寲鐨勮繃紼嬩腑錛岀敱浜庣～鍘熷瓙鐨勬彃鍏ワ紝綰挎х粨鏋勭殑姍¤兌鍒嗗瓙鍙戠敓浜よ仈鐢熸垚鍏鋒湁涓夌淮绔嬩綋緗戠姸緇撴瀯鐨勫垎瀛愶紝紼沖畾浜嗗垎瀛愮殑绔嬩綋緇撴瀯錛屼粠鑰屼嬌姍¤兌鐨勫脊鎬с佸己搴︾瓑璇稿鎬ц兘寰楀埌澧炲己銆傛鑳剁粡榪囩～鍖栵紝灝辯瓑浜庣粡鍘嗕簡涓鍦衡滆劚鑳庢崲楠ㄢ濈殑媧楃ぜ鈥斺斿師鏉ョ殑楠勫▏浜屾皵涓鎵岀┖錛屽彇鑰屼唬涔嬬殑錛屾槸涓棰椾緺楠ㄦ煍鑲犺埇鐨勫績銆傛病鏈変簡榪欐牱鐨勪緺楠ㄦ煍鑲狅紝鍋氬嚭鐨勮疆鑳庡氨鏃犳硶緇忓彈浣忓北娌沖ぇ嫻楓佹棩鏅掗洦娣嬬瓑鎭跺姡鏉′歡鐨勪弗閰瘋冮獙銆?/span>
浣嗗彲鎯滅殑鏄紝鍙戞槑甯︾粰浠栫殑涓嶆槸婊氭粴璐㈠瘜錛岃屾槸鏃犵┓鏃犲敖鐨勯夯鐑︺?/span>
1841騫?1鏈?鏃ワ紝緹庡浗涓撳埄灞鎵胯浜嗕粬鐨勫彂鏄庛備絾鐢變簬褰撴椂鐨勭煡璇嗕駭鏉冧繚鎶ゆ硶瑙勪笉鍋ュ叏錛屾病鍑犲勾錛屽氨鏈変漢紿冨彇浜嗗皬鍥虹殑鈥滄鑳剁～鍖栨妧鏈濓紝騫舵姠鍏堝皬鍥哄湪鍥藉鐢寵浜嗕笓鍒┿備負浜嗘嬁鍥炶嚜宸辯殑涓撳埄錛屽皬鍥轟笉寰椾笉鑺卞ぇ閲忕殑鏃墮棿鍜岀簿鍔涘幓鎵撲笓鍒╁畼鍙搞備笌姝ゅ悓鏃訛紝宸ュ巶鍘熸湰鐨勬妧鏈紭鍔夸篃娌′簡錛屽彈鍒版潵鑷悓琛岀殑鎭舵剰绔炰簤錛屽緢蹇氨鍊掗棴浜嗐?/span>
1852騫?鏈?8鏃ワ紝鍥虹壒寮傚湪鏂版辰瑗胯幏寰椾簡璇夎鐨勫喅瀹氭ц儨鍒┿備絾榪欎簺璇夎澶ч噺娑堣椾簡鍥虹壒寮傜殑鏃墮棿鍜岄噾閽憋紝鍥虹壒寮備緷鐒朵竴璐媧椼傚茍涓斿綋鏃朵粬鍙堟瑺浜嗕竴澶х瑪鍊猴紝涓轟簡榪樺猴紝鍥虹壒寮備笉寰椾笉鎻愬嚭鎶婅嚜宸辯殑涓撳埄鏀剁泭鐨勫彈鐩婁漢杞緇欏烘潈浜恒?/span>
1851騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鍥虹壒寮傞潬鍊熸潵鐨?涓囩編鍏冨弬鍔犱簡緇村鍒╀簹濂崇帇涓誨姙鐨勫睍瑙堜細錛屼粬鐨勫睍鍝佷粠瀹跺叿鍒板湴姣紝浠庢⒊瀛愬埌閽墸閮芥槸鐢辨鑳跺埗鎴愮殑錛屾湁鎴愬崈涓婁竾鐨勪漢鍙傝浜嗕粬鐨勪綔鍝併備粬鍥犳琚巿浜堝浗浼氬媼绔犱互鍙婃嬁鐮翠粦涓変笘鐨勮嫳闆勮崳瑾夊媼绔犮佸啗鍥㈣嫳闆勫崄瀛楀媼绔犮備絾浠栫殑鍊烘潈浜轟互浠栫殑鍙戞槑寰椾笉鍒版敹鐩婁負鐢憋紝灝嗕粬鍛婁笂娉曞涵錛岃繖嬈′粬鎸傜潃鍕嬬珷榪涗簡鐗㈡埧銆?/span>
鐢變簬瀹為獙榪囩▼闀挎湡鎺ヨЕ鍚勭鏈夋瘨鏈夊璇曞墏錛屽浐鐗瑰紓鐨勫仴搴風姸鍐靛彈鍒頒簡涓ラ噸鐨勬崯瀹籌紝鍑虹嫳鍚庯紝浠栨棤娉曡蛋璺紝涔熸病鏈夋嫄鏉栥?860騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鍥虹壒寮傚湪璐梾涓氦鍔犲幓涓栵紝鏃跺勾60宀侊紝榪欐椂浠栬繕嬈犲烘潈浜?0涓?60涓囩編鍏冿紙鐩稿綋浜庣幇鍦ㄧ殑涓婁嚎緹庡厓錛夈?/span>
鍘嗗彶涓嶄細璐熶漢銆?/span>
鍦ㄥ浐鐗瑰紓鍘諱笘鍚庣殑38騫翠互鍚庯紝涓轟簡綰康鏌ュ皵鏂?middot;鍥虹壒寮傚姍¤兌琛屼笟鍋氬嚭鐨勫法澶ц礎鐚紝涓浣嶄紒涓氬寮楀叞鍏?middot;鍏嬩集鏋楁妸鑷繁鍒涘緩鐨勮疆鑳庢鑳跺叕鍙稿懡鍚嶄負鍥虹壒寮傦紝鍘嗙粡120騫寸殑椋庨闆ㄩ洦錛岃繖瀹朵紒涓氬凡緇忔垚涓轟韓瑾変笘鐣岀殑杞儙甯濆浗涔嬩竴銆?/span>
閭ｄ箞錛屽浐鐗瑰紓鐨勮疆鑳庡笣鍥芥槸濡備綍緙旈犵殑鍛紵
2. 鍥虹壒寮傛垚涓轟竴瀹跺叕鍙?/span>
鏃╁湪1925騫達紝渚垮紑濮嬩嬌鐢ㄩ鑸瑰崌絀哄仛騫垮憡錛屽浐鐗瑰紓椋炶墖錛圙oodyear blimp錛変篃鎴愪負鏈涓轟漢浠渶涓虹啛鐭ョ殑褰㈣薄涔嬩竴銆傚浠婏紝鍥虹壒寮傞鑸規垚涓虹編鍥藉鍐呮渶甯歌鐨勫箍鍛娿傚浐鐗瑰紓杞儙涔熸槸涓綰ф柟紼嬪紡璧涜濺閲屾渶鎴愬姛鐨勮疆鑳庤禐鍔╁晢錛岄噰鐢ㄥ浐鐗瑰紓杞儙鐨勯槦浼嶈幏寰楀啝鍐涘ご琛旂殑鏁伴噺鏈澶э紙鑷?998騫村悗鍥虹壒寮備究閫鍑鴻繖欏硅禌浜嬶級銆?/span>
鍥虹壒寮備篃鏇劇粡鏄亾鐞煎伐涓氭寚鏁扮殑鎴愪喚鑲′箣涓銆備笉榪囷紝榪欎釜寮曚互涓鴻豹鐨勬寚鏍囷紝涔熷凡緇忎簬1999騫?1鏈堣鍓旈櫎銆?/span>
鍊煎緱涓鎻愮殑鏄紝1908騫達紝棣栬締閲忎駭鐨勬苯杞︾鐗筎鍨嬭濺浣跨敤鐨勪箖鏄浐鐗瑰紓杞儙錛?969騫達紝浜虹被絎竴嬈＄櫥闄嗘湀鐞冩椂澶┖杞﹁閰嶇殑涔熸槸鍥虹壒寮傝疆鑳庛?/span>
涓鐩翠互鏉ワ紝鍥虹壒寮傞兘鍏ㄥ績縐夋壙鐫鍒涘浜哄彂鏄庣～鍖栨鑳剁殑閭ｇ綺劇榪芥眰錛屽垱鏂板凡緇忔垚涓鴻繖瀹跺叕鍙哥殑琛娑層傚湪鍥虹壒寮備粠鍒涚珛鑷充粖鐨?20騫撮噷錛屾浘緇忓垱閫犺繃鏃犳暟涓緣鐓岀殑鐬棿錛?/span>
1898騫磋嚦1926騫?/span>
鍥虹壒寮備簬1898騫村湪淇勪亥淇勫窞闃垮厠浼︽垚绔嬪悗錛屼互13鍚嶅伐浜哄埗閫犺嚜琛岃濺涓庡洓杞┈杞﹁疆鑳庛侀┈韞勯搧姍¤兌琛灚鍙婄焊鐗岀鐮併傝鍏徃闅忕潃姹借濺鐨勬柊鍙戞槑鑰屽揩閫熸垚闀匡紝1901騫磋鍏徃寮濮嬩緵搴旇禌杞﹁儙緇欑鐗規苯杞︼紝1908騫?鏈?7鏃ユ帹鍑虹殑紱忕壒T鍨嬭濺鍒欒閰嶄簡鍥虹壒寮傝疆鑳庛傜敋鑷沖埌浜?912騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傚埗閫犵殑絎竴鏉￠鏈鴻疆鑳庨棶涓栥?/span>
1911騫磋鍏徃寮濮嬭瘯鐫璁捐椋炶埞錛岀◢鍚庡湪絎竴嬈′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樻湡闂磋礋璐ｄ緵搴旈鑸逛笌渚﹀療姹界悆緇欑編鍥界┖鍐涖?926騫村浐鐗瑰紓鎴愪負褰撴椂鍏ㄧ悆鏈澶х殑杞儙鍒墮犲晢錛屽彧涓嶈繃1922騫存椂鍥犲競鍦虹珵浜夋縺鐑堬紝璇ュ叕鍙告殏鍋滃埗閫犺禌杞﹁疆鑳庛傜劧鑰岄殢鐫璧涜濺榪愬姩鐨勬櫘鍙婏紝瓚婃潵瓚婂鐨勮濺闃熼噰鐢ㄤ粬浠殑璧涜濺鑳庝駭鍝併?/span>
1926騫磋嚦1990騫?/span>
1926騫村悗鐨?0騫撮棿錛屽浐鐗瑰紓涓璺冩垚涓鴻法鍥戒紒涓氥?935騫村畠騫惰喘浜嗙珵浜夊鎵嬪嚡鍒╂槬鐢拌疆鑳庯紙Kelly-Springfield Tire錛夛紝騫跺湪絎簩嬈′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樻湡闂存浛緹庡啗鐢熶駭F4U嫻風洍寮忔垬鏂楁満銆?944騫村浐鐗瑰紓鍦ㄥⅷ瑗垮摜鎴愮珛浜嗗浐鐗瑰紓·嬈ц嫃姍¤兌鍏徃錛圕ompania Hulera Goodyear-Oxo, S.A. de C.V.錛夛紝榪欐槸涓瀹朵笌褰撳湴鏈澶х殑杞儙鍒墮犲晢鍚堣祫鐨勫叕鍙搞?/span>
1969騫磋鍏徃鐨勫勾钀ヤ笟棰濊揪鍒?浜跨編鍏冿紝浜斿勾鍚庤揪鍒?浜跨編鍏冿紝騫朵笖鍦ㄥ叏鐞?4涓浗瀹惰绔嬪垎鍏徃鎴栧伐鍘傘?978騫翠綅浜庨樋鍏嬩雞鐨勭涓瀹跺巶鎴胯漿鍨嬫垚鎶鏈爺鍙戜腑蹇冿紝鑰?985騫存椂鍏跺勾钀ヤ笟棰濆凡杈?0浜跨編鍏冦傛棗涓?917騫存垚绔嬩箣鍥虹壒寮傞鏈哄叕鍙革紙Goodyear Aircraft Company錛夊悗鏉ユ敼鍚嶆垚鍥虹壒寮傝埅絀鴻埅澶╁叕鍙?emsp; 錛圙oodyear Aerospace Corporation錛夛紝絎簩嬈′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樼粨鏉熷悗鏇跨編鍥藉浗瀹惰埅絀烘毃澶┖鎬葷講鐨勬垐杈懼痙澶┖椋炶涓績錛圙oddard Space Flight Center錛夎璁″埗閫犱簡涓閮ㄥ悕涓哄浐鐗瑰紓MPP錛圙oodyear MPP錛夌殑瓚呯駭璁＄畻鏈恒備笉榪囷紝1987騫存椂鍥犺皟鏁寸粍緇囷紝琚嚭鍞粰妤肩綏鍏徃錛圠oral Corporation錛夈?/span>
1986騫?/span>
褰撳勾錛屽浐鐗瑰紓涓嶅垢鎴愪負緇胯壊閭歡錛坓reenmail錛屾剰鎸囨煇浜哄ぇ閲忎拱榪涙煇鍏徃鑲＄エ錛屼互淇冧嬌鑲′環鏆存定錛岄犳垚鎭舵剰璐茍鐨勫眬闈紝鐒跺悗鍐嶄互涓婃定鐨勮偂浠峰皢鑲＄エ鍗栧洖鎷呭績琚喘騫剁殑鍏徃涔嬫伓鍔ｆ墜孌碉級鐨勫彈瀹寵呫傝嫳鍥界睄閲戜富瑭瑰鏂?middot;鎴堝痙鍙插瘑鏂紙James Goldsmith錛夎仈鍚堟眽鐢熸姇璧勯泦鍥紙Hanson plc錛夎喘鍏ュ浐鐗瑰紓澶х害11%鐨勮偂紲紝鐒跺悗浠ユ瑕佹専璇ュ叕鍙鎬互涓婃定涔嬭偂浠瘋喘鍥烇紝鍚﹀垯灝嗕簣浠ュ茍璐?/span>
鎺ヤ笅鏉ュ嚑騫撮棿錛屽浐鐗瑰紓浠ラ噸鏂拌皟鏁寸粍緇囩殑絳栫暐鍥炲嚮錛氭姏鍞垎鍏徃涓庡伐鍘傦紝騫惰嚜琛岃鍏徃璐㈡斂闄峰叆宀屽矊鍙嵄鐨勬儏鍐碉紝浼佸浘浣垮浐鐗瑰紓鎴愪負涓涓笉閫傚悎鐨勬敹璐洰鏍囥傝櫧鐒惰繖涓瓥鐣ユ渶鍚庤搗鍒頒簡鏁堟灉錛屼絾瑭瑰鏂?middot;鎴堝痙鍙插瘑鏂粛鎴愬姛鍗瘋蛋9鍗冧竾緹庡厓鐨勪笉褰撴敹鍏ャ?/span>
1990騫磋縿浠?/span>
鏈榪戜竴嬈″ぇ瑙勬ā璋冩暣緇勭粐鏋舵瀯鍙戠敓浜?991騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傝仒闆囩航濞佸皵·緗楀媰姊呭痙鍏徃錛圢ewell Rubbermaid錛夊墠璐㈠姟鎬葷洃鍙蹭腹鍒?middot;鍕懼皵鐗癸紙Stanley C. Gault錛変富瀵艱鍏徃鍒囧叆鏂板競鍦猴紝姝や婦瀵艱嚧鍏ㄧ悆瑁佸憳浜?涓?鍗冨悕鍛樺伐銆?008騫?鏈?0鏃ョ敱鎬婚儴浣嶄簬綰界害鐨勭爺絀舵満鏋勫０瑾夌爺絀舵墍錛圧eputation Institute錛変笌銆婂瘜姣斾笘鏉傚織銆嬪悎鍔炵殑緹庡浗鏈鍏峰０瑾変箣75瀹朵紒涓氭帓琛屾涓紝鍥虹壒寮傚悕鍒楃16鍚嶃傛澶栵紝鍥虹壒寮傚湪鍚屽勾涔熻緹庡浗銆婁紒涓氳矗浠繪潅蹇椼嬶紙Corporate Responsibility Magazine錛夎幏閫変負2008騫村害鏈浣崇櫨澶т紒涓氬叕姘戝錛?00 Best Corporate Citizens 2008錛夈?/span>
鍥虹壒寮傝疆騫磋〃
1898騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傝疆鑳庢鑳跺叕鍙告垚绔嬨?/span>
1908騫達紝涓轟笘鐣屼笂棣栨閲忎駭姹借濺紱忕壒T鍨嬭濺鎻愪緵杞儙銆?/span>
1965騫達紝瑁呴厤鍥虹壒寮傝疆鑳庣殑鐏杞﹀垱閫犲嚭闄嗚礬鏃墮?60鍏噷鐨勪笘鐣岀邯褰曘?/span>
1970騫達紝浜虹被棣栨鐧婚檰鏈堢悆鎵涔樺潗鐨勫お絀鴻濺錛岄噰鐢ㄧ殑灝辨槸鍥虹壒寮傝疆鑳庛?/span>
1985騫達紝鏈鏃╀緵搴旇緪灝勫眰杞儙緇欏晢鐢ㄩ鏈轟嬌鐢ㄣ?/span>
1986騫達紝鍙戠敓鎴堝痙鍙插瘑鏂簨浠躲?/span>
1993騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傛帹鍑轟簡 Aquatred杞儙錛岄嬈句負婀挎粦璺潰璺喌璁捐鐨勮疆鑳庛?/span>
1994騫達紝鎴愮珛澶ц繛鍥虹壒寮傝疆鑳庢湁闄愬叕鍙革紝榪欐槸絎竴涓鍥借疆鑳庡巶鍦ㄤ腑鍥芥姇璧勫緩鍘傘?/span>
1998騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傜櫨騫磋癁杈頒箣闄咃紝鍒涗笅F1璧涗簨368嬈″啝鍐涚殑綰綍錛屾瘮浣嶅眳絎簩鐨勮疆鑳庡搧鐗岃幏鑳滄鏁板鍑轟笁鍊嶏紝璇ョ邯褰曡縿浠婁緷鐒舵棤浜鴻秴瓚娿?/span>
2003騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傝疆鑳庡湪璧涜濺灞婁篃鑽ｈ幏涓嶅皯孌婅崳錛岀殑鍦ㄤ紬澶氶噸閲忕駭璧涜濺璧涗簨鍜岀編鍥借佺埛杞﹁禌浜嬩腑鍧囨湁鍑鴻壊琛ㄧ幇鍜屾垚緇┿?/span>
2004騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傚拰緹庡叏鍥芥苯杞︽瘮璧涘崗浼氬叡鍚屽簡紲濇惡鎵嬪叡鍚岃蛋榪?0鍛ㄥ勾錛屽浐鐗瑰紓鏄璧涗簨鍘嗘椂鏈闀跨殑璧炲姪鍟嗐?/span>
2005騫達紝鍦ㄥぇ榪炴姇璧?鍗?鐧句竾緹庡厓鐢熶駭銆岄浂鍘嬬畫琛屻嶈疆鑳庯紝榪欐槸絎竴瀹跺湪涓浗鍒墮犮岄浂鍘嬬畫琛屻嶈疆鑳庢妧鏈殑杞儙鍏徃銆傝繖縐嶈疆鑳庤兘鍦ㄨ鎵庢垨鐖嗚儙鍚庣戶緇椹躲?/span>
2009騫達紝鍥虹壒寮備笌緹庡浗澶┖鎬葷講鍏卞悓鍙戞槑鍦ㄦ湀鐞冧笂浣跨敤錛岃屼笉浼氬け鍘嬬殑寮圭哀杞儙銆傛澶栵紝緹庡浗鎬葷粺鐨勫駭杞﹁澶囦簡璇ュ叕鍙稿埗閫犵殑闃茬垎鑳庯紝鍗充嬌鍥涙潯杞儙閮藉け鍘昏儙鍘嬶紝杞﹀瓙浠嶈兘姝ｅ父琛岄┒銆?/span>
2010騫達紝鍥虹壒寮備簹澶尯寮濮嬪湪鏂扮殑杞儙涓婃帹鍑鴻妭娌規妧鏈笓鍒╋紝璁╅┚椹惰呭湪鑺傛補鍑忔帓鐨勫悓鏃惰兘澶熻椹舵洿榪溿?/span>
2012騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傝儙鍘嬭嚜鎺ф妧鏈崳鑶恒婃椂浠ｅ懆鍒娿?012騫存渶浣沖彂鏄庛?/span>
2012騫達紝5鏈?1鏃ュ浐鐗瑰紓鍑鴻祫涔板洖涓滄磱杞儙鎵嬩腑35%銆佷笁鑿辨苯杞︽墜涓?%鐨勬棩鏈法浜鴻疆鑳庢寔鑲°傚悗鑰呭師涓轟笁鏂瑰叡鍚屼簬1985騫村嚭璧勬垚绔嬬殑OTR錛圤ff-The-Road涔嬬緝鍐欙級杞儙宸ュ巶錛屼笓闂ㄧ敓浜у緩絳戣濺杈嗐侀噸鍨嬫満姊般侀噰鐭胯濺絳夋満鍔ㄨ濺杈嗙敤涔嬭疆鑳庛?/span>
2014騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傚彂甯冩渶鏂拌妭娌圭鎶鈥斺斿埄鐢ㄥ簾寮冪ɑ澹崇伆鎻愬彇鑺傛補杞儙鑳庨潰鏉愭枡銆?/span>
2016騫達紝鍥虹壒寮傛棩鍐呯摝鍥介檯杞﹀睍涓婇殕閲嶅彂甯僂agle-360鏅鴻兘鐞冨艦鑳庯紝灞曠ず鍏徃闈㈠悜鏈潵鍑鴻鐨勭編濂芥効鏅傜悆鍨嬭疆鑳庣殑鏈澶уソ澶勫湪浜庯紝鍙互鍚戜換鎰忎竴涓柟鍚戣漿鍔紝浠庤屼嬌寰楁棤浜洪┚椹舵椂鐨勫仠杞﹀彉寰楄交鑰屾槗涓俱?/span>
2017騫達紝鏃ュ唴鐡﹀浗闄呰濺灞曚笂鍙戝竷浜嗗叏鏂扮殑Eagle-360 Urban姒傚康鑳庯紝婕旂粠涓緋誨垪灝栫娼祦縐戞妧騫跺憟鐜伴潰鍚戞湭鏉ユ苯杞﹁涓氱殑緹庡ソ鎰挎櫙銆?/span>
2018騫達紝鏃ュ唴鐡﹀浗闄呰濺灞曚笂錛屽彂甯冧簡鐢熸佹蹇佃儙錛屾棬鍦ㄥ懠鍚佸悇鐣屽鐢熸佺幆澧冪殑鍏蟲敞銆?/span>
