闄舵皬鍖栧4鏈?鏃ヤ粠闄舵皬鏉滈偊鎷嗗垎鍚庯紝鏈懆浠ョ嫭绔嬩笂甯傚叕鍙哥殑褰㈠紡鍑虹幇銆傛姇璧勭粍鍚堟洿紿勶紝綆＄悊灞傛壙璇哄己鍔茬殑鏀剁泭澧為暱鍜屽鎴愭湰鍜岃祫鏈垎閰嶇殑鏇翠弗鏍肩害鏉熴?/span>
闄舵皬鍖栧鍘誨勾璋冩暣鍚庣殑閿鍞綰︿負500浜跨編鍏冿紝鍏剁洰鏍囨槸鏈潵鍑犲勾EBITDA澧為暱25-30浜跨編鍏冿紝楂樹簬鍘誨勾鎶ュ憡鐨?0浜跨編鍏冦傞氳繃鏈夐拡瀵規х殑澧為噺鎶曡祫錛屾姇璧勭粍鍚堟敼鍠勶紝涓ユ牸鐨勮祫鏈厤緗互鍙婅緝浣庣殑鎴愭湰緇撴瀯錛岄櫠姘忛噸緇勫悗鐨勯噸鐐瑰皢鏀懼湪鏄劇潃鐨勭泩鍒╁闀夸笂銆?鈥滄垜浠負鍏徃璁懼畾鐨勭洰鏍囨槸鎴愪負鍏ㄧ悆鏈鍏峰垱鏂版э紝浠ュ鎴蜂負涓績錛屽寘瀹規у拰鍙寔緇彂灞曠殑鏉愭枡縐戝鍏徃錛屸濋櫠姘忛甯墽琛屽畼Jim Fitterling璇淬?/span>
闄舵皬鍖栧鐩墠鍒嗕負3涓儴闂紝榪欐槸鍦?014騫村紑濮嬬殑6涓笟鍔￠儴闂ㄧ殑鍩虹涓婁綔鍑虹殑璋冩暣銆?鍖呮嫭楂樻ц兘鍜岀壒縐嶅鏂欙紝鍥寸粫鐑儍涓庤仛涔欑儻(PE)錛屽脊鎬т綋錛屽叡鑱氱墿鍜岀矘鍚堝墏;鍩轟簬涓欑儻閰搞佺氦緇寸礌鍜屾湁鏈虹鐨勬ц兘鏉愭枡鍜屾秱鏂?宸ヤ笟涓棿浣撳拰鍩虹璁炬柦錛屽寘鎷仛姘ㄩ叝浠ュ強鍩轟簬鐜哀涔欑兎(EO)鍜屽叾浠栦腑闂翠綋鐨勮鐢熺墿銆傞櫠姘忓寲瀛﹁〃紺猴紝鏍稿績緇堢甯傚満鐨勫闀塊熷害鍧囬珮浜庡浗鍐呯敓浜ф誨?GDP)錛屼富瑕侀泦涓湪娑堣垂淇濆仴銆佸熀紜璁炬柦鍜屽寘瑁呮柟闈€?/span>
涓嶅彧鏄洖褰掑熀紜
闄舵皬宸茬粡鏀懼純浜嗕竴浜涘埄娑︾巼杈冮珮鐨勭壒縐嶅寲瀛﹀搧涓氬姟錛屼絾Fitterling浼拌70%鐨勯櫠姘忔柊浜у搧閿寰宸紓鍖栫殑闈㈠悜娑堣垂鑰呯殑搴旂敤銆?鈥滀負浜嗚榪欎簺浜у搧瀛樺湪錛屾垜浠殑瀹㈡埛蹇呴』鍦ㄨ揣鏋朵笂鍒涢犱笅涓涓湁浜烘兂瑕佽喘涔扮殑浜у搧錛屸滷itterling璇淬?鈥滆澶氬姛鑳姐佷紭鐐瑰拰浣跨敤浠峰兼潵鑷垜浠彁渚涚殑鍖栧鍝併傗?/span>
榪欎笉鏄晢鍝佺瓥鐣ャ傞櫠姘忕殑鏂規硶浠嶇劧鍥寸粫鐮斿彂錛屽伐鑹烘妧鏈拰搴旂敤寮鍙戠殑浼樺娍錛屼互鎺ㄥ姩鐩爣甯傚満楂樹簬甯傚満鐨勫闀褲?鈥滃鏋滀綘鍦ㄦ垜浠殑甯傚満涓婂叿鏈夌珵浜夊姏錛岄偅涔堜綔涓轟竴涓綆鎴愭湰鐨勭敓浜у晢灝辨槸寰堟湁椋庨櫓鐨勩傛垜浠鍦ㄥ姫鍔涘湪鎴戜滑鐨勪環鍊奸摼涓垱閫犲紩瀵奸渶姹傦紝鈥淔itterling璇淬?鈥滄垜浠笉鏄湪寤虹珛璧勪駭錛屾垨鑰呴潰鍚戝競鍦虹潃閲嶆帹騫褲傛垜浠嫢鏈夎祫浜э紝鑳藉姏錛屾妧鏈拰鐏墊椿鎬э紝鍙互鐢熶駭鍒涢犲叾鑷韓闇姹傜殑楂樹環鍊間駭鍝併傛垜浠殑鎯蟲硶鏄皢澶ч儴鍒嗕駭鍝佺粍鍚堢殑鍒╂鼎鐜囨彁楂橈紝騫跺皢鍟嗗搧甯傚満閿鍞綔涓哄墿浣欒祫浜х殑椹卞姩鍔涖傗?/span>
Fitterling琛ㄧず錛屾姇璧勫拰鎴樼暐灝嗙戶緇笓娉ㄤ簬鏀瑰杽涓嬫父鏁村悎銆傝鍏徃鎵胯鑷沖皯鍦ㄦ湭鏉ヤ笁騫村唴灝嗚祫鏈姇璧勪繚鎸佸湪鎶樻棫鍜屾憡閿涔嬩笅錛岀害涓?8浜跨編鍏冦傜敱浜庣編鍥藉ⅷ瑗垮摜婀炬部宀稿強鍏朵笌娌欑壒闃挎媺浼矙鐗歸樋緹庡叕鍙哥殑Sadara鍚堣祫浼佷笟鐨勪駭鑳藉鍔狅紝2014騫磋嚦2017騫寸殑騫村害璧勬湰鎶曡祫騫沖潎涓?0浜跨編鍏冦?/span>
鎶曡祫閲嶇偣杞悜涔欑儻錛岀姘х兎鍜岀洰鏍囪鐢熺墿(濡侾E錛屼箼鐑叡鑱氱墿鍜屾湁鏈虹鑱氬悎鐗?鐨勫閲忓揩閫熷洖鎶ラ」鐩紝榪欎簺欏圭洰灝嗘敼鍠勯嗗悜鏁村悎騫跺噺灝戝晢涓氶闄┿?/span>
Fitterling琛ㄧず錛岄氳繃灝嗘洿澶氬崟浣撹漿鍖栦負宸紓鍖栦駭鍝侊紝騫朵笓娉ㄤ簬鏂頒駭鍝佹墿灞曟垨寮曡繘錛岄櫠姘忔湁鑳藉姏灝咵BITDA鎬誨埄娑︾巼浠?018騫寸殑榪?0%鎻愬崌鑷?3%鑷?5%鐨勮寖鍥淬?鈥滄垜浠笇鏈涘湪娑傛枡錛岃仛姘ㄩ叝鍜屾湁鏈虹鏂歸潰榪涗竴姝ュ彂灞曪紝鈥滷itterling璇淬?/span>
鍏徃榪樺皢閫氳繃鏈夐拡瀵規х殑騫惰喘鏉ユ敼鍠勬姇璧勭粍鍚堛侳itterling璇達細鈥滃簲璇ヨ冭檻琛ュ己鍨嬩氦鏄撳拰澶栧歡鍨嬩氦鏄擄紝鑰屼笉鏄ぇ瑙勬ā鐨勫茍璐傛垜浠ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐨勬姇璧勭粍鍚堟病鏈夎閫鍑虹殑璁″垝錛屼絾鍙兘浼氭湁涓浜涗駭鍝佺嚎錛屼緥濡傛瘡騫?浜跨編鍏冩垨2浜跨編鍏冪殑閭ｄ簺錛屾垨璁告洿閫傚悎鍏朵粬鍦版柟銆傗?/span>
浠栬ˉ鍏呰錛屼笅娓告爣鐨勭殑楂樺嶆暟闇瑕侀噰鐢ㄤ弗鏍肩殑鏀惰喘鏂瑰紡銆?鈥滃叾涓竴浜涗笅娓擱鍩熺殑浜ゆ槗鍙兘浼氳揪鍒?0鍊嶆垨鏇撮珮鐨勫嶆暟錛屸滷itterling璇?鈥滄垜浠鍦ㄥ憡璇夊洟闃燂紝蹇呴』鍦ㄧ涓騫磋幏寰楀鍊箋備負瀹炵幇榪欎竴鐩爣錛岄渶瑕佹垚鏈崗鍚屾晥搴斻傚闀垮崗鍚屾晥搴斾篃鍙互鎻愪緵涓浜涘ソ澶勶紝浣嗛櫠姘忓皢姝ら檺鍒朵負鍑轟環鐨勪竴涓洜绱犮?濡傛灉浣犺涓鴻繖浜涙敹璐腑鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎鏀粯甯傚満浠鋒牸錛屾渶濂借兘澶熷湪絎竴騫磋幏寰楁紜殑緇撴瀯錛屼嬌鍏惰幏寰楀鍊箋傗?/span>
璧勬湰鎴愭湰銆佺邯寰?/strong>
闄舵皬鍚戞姇璧勮呰瘉鏄庯紝瀹冨湪鏈潵鍑犲勾鏈変竴鏉℃竻鏅扮殑銆佷綆椋庨櫓鐨勭泩鍒╁闀夸箣璺傞櫠姘忓皢閲嶇偣鏀懼湪鎴愭湰鍜岃祫鏈邯寰嬩笂錛屽洜涓哄畠寮濮嬭漿鍚戣鎶曡祫鑰呮斁蹇冿紝騫舵彁渚涙瘮鍚岃鏇撮珮鐨勫洖鎶ユ壙璇恒?/span>
鍏徃鍦ㄦ暣涓懆鏈熷唴璁懼畾浜?3%鐨勬姇璧勫洖鎶ョ巼(ROIC)鐩爣銆傞攢鍞佽鏀?SG&A)鍜岀爺鍙戞敮鍑哄皢姣?015騫存按騫充綆19浜跨編鍏冿紝鍥犱負鏇村璧勬簮瀵嗛泦鍨嬩紒涓?濡傚啘鐢ㄥ寲瀛﹀搧銆佺數瀛愭潗鏂欏拰鍏朵粬涓氬姟)閫鍑烘姇璧勭粍鍚堛傝鍏徃宸茬粡浠庢垚鏈粨鏋勪腑鍓旈櫎浜?.5浜跨編鍏冿紝鍒?020騫磋繕灝嗚妭綰?浜跨編鍏冩垚鏈紝鍐嶅姞涓婂悎騫跺拰閫鍑烘潨閭﹀悗鐨?浜跨編鍏冩粸鐣欐垚鏈Щ闄ゃ係G&A鎴愭湰宸蹭粠闄舵皬鏉滈偊鍚堝茍鍓嶉攢鍞鐨?%浠ヤ笂闄嶈嚦鍘誨勾鐨?.6%銆傞櫠姘忛甯墽琛屽畼鍜屼竴綰垮憳宸ヤ箣闂寸殑灞傛暟宸蹭粠8灞傞檷鑷充笉瓚呰繃6灞傘?/span>
鍦ㄨ瘯鍥鵑噸寤洪暱鏈熸姇璧勮呭熀紜鏃訛紝鍚戣偂涓滆繑榪樼幇閲戜篃灝嗘垚涓洪噸鐐廣傝鍏徃棰勮灝嗘暣涓懆鏈熺殑緇忚惀鍑鏀跺叆鐨?5%榪旇繕緇欐姇璧勮咃紝鍖呮嫭45%鐨勯暱鏈熻偂鎭敮浠樼洰鏍囥傚叾浣?0%灝嗙敤浜庢満浼氭ц偂紲ㄥ洖璐傛牴鎹編鍥借瘉鍒鎬氦鏄撳鍛樹細瑙勫垯10b5-1錛岄櫠姘忓凡緇忎笌緇忕邯浜ゆ槗鍟嗛噰鐢ㄤ簡鑲＄エ鍥炶喘璁″垝錛岃璁″垝鏈鏃╁彲浠ュ湪4鏈?鏃ヨ繘琛岃偂紲ㄥ洖璐傝璁″垝鍏佽鍏徃鍦ㄦ煇浜涢鍏堝畨鎺掔殑鏉℃涓嬶紝鍦ㄧ敱浜庣鍒舵湡鎴栭噸澶ч潪鍏紑淇℃伅鍏竷鑰屾棤娉曟甯鎬笂甯傜殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鏍規嵁棰勫厛瀹夋帓鐨勬潯嬈懼洖璐櫘閫氳偂銆?/span>
铏界劧鏀嚭灝嗕綆浜庢姌鏃у拰鎽婇攢鎴愭湰浠ヤ笅錛屼絾浠嶅皢鍑虹幇澶у箙鎵╁紶錛屽寘鎷埌2020騫撮澶栧鍔?0涓囧惃/騫寸殑涔欑儻錛屽埌2022騫村鍔?40涓囧叕鍚?騫寸殑鑱氫箼鐑傜姘х兎銆佹湁鏈虹鏍戣剛浠ュ強鑱氬悎鐗╃殑鎵╁紶涔熷湪璧勬湰璁″垝涓?/span>
鈥滄垜浠湪緹庡浗澧ㄨタ鍝ユ咕娌垮哺鎶曡祫鐨勬柟寮忎負榪欎簺楂樺洖鎶ラ」鐩垱閫犱簡鏈轟細錛屸滷itterling璇淬傞櫠姘忔柊鐨?50涓囧惃/騫村痙鍏嬭惃鏂窞鑷敱娓瑙ｈ緗棬鍦ㄩ氳繃澧炲姞涓や釜鍔犵儹鐐夊疄鐜頒綆鎴愭湰鎵╁紶鑷?00涓囧叕鍚?騫淬傝鍏徃榪樺皢鍦ㄦ媧插鍔犺仛涔欑儻浜ц兘浠ュ惛鏀墮偅閲岃繃鍓╃殑涔欑儻錛屽茍鍙互鍦ㄥ叾浜у搧緇勫悎涓墿灞曠幆姘т箼鐑瘋鐢熺墿銆?/span>
Fitterling琛ㄧず錛岀浜屾壒緹庡浗鐭沖寲鎵╁紶灝嗛渶瑕侀噰鐢ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鏂規硶銆?鈥滅涓鎵歸」鐩氬父寤虹珛鍦ㄧ幇鏈夌殑鍦哄湴涓婏紝鈥滷itterling璇?鈥滀綘娌℃湁澶鐨勫閮ㄨ祫閲戞姇鍏ワ紝絎簩鎵瑰垯瀹屽叏涓嶄竴鏍楓傗?/span>
鍦ㄦ渶榪戠殑鎵╁紶涔嬪墠錛屽ⅷ瑗垮摜婀炬部宀哥殑PE鍑哄彛閲忕害鍗犵編鍥藉ⅷ瑗垮摜婀炬部宀鎬駭鑳界殑20%錛岃岀涓鎵圭編鍥介」鐩嬌鍏惰揪鍒頒簡30%銆?鈥滃浜庝笅涓涓ぇ欏圭洰錛屼綘灝嗕笉寰椾笉鑰冭檻浠?0%鐨勫嚭鍙ｉ噺鏉ヨ繍琛岃璧勪駭錛屸滷itterling璇淬?鈥滆繖灝嗘嫋绱粡嫻庯紝騫舵寫鎴樺洖鎶ャ傗?/span>
闄舵皬姝ｅ瘑鍒囧叧娉ㄤ笅涓嬈″ぇ瑙勬ā鎶曡祫鐨勬満浼氾紝浣嗗茍涓嶆ヤ簬姹傛垚銆?鈥滄垜浠渶瑕佸涓嬩竴嬈℃墿寮犵殑浣嶇疆淇濇寔娓呴啋錛屸滷itterling璇撮亾 鈥滅編鍥芥湁寰堝鍘熸枡錛屼絾鍔犳嬁澶т篃鏈夋満浼氾紝鎴栬闃挎牴寤蜂篃鏈夋満浼氥傗濅粬琛ュ厖璇達紝闄舵皬鍙互鏇存湁鑰愬績鍜屾洿鏈夐夋嫨鎬с?鈥滈櫠姘忕殑椹卞姩鍔涗笌鐭蟲補鍜屽ぉ鐒舵皵鍏徃涓嶅悓錛屸滷itterling璇淬?鈥滄垜浠殑椹卞姩鍔涙槸闅忕潃甯傚満鐨勫闀匡紝涓庡鎴風殑澧為暱浠ュ強浣庢垚鏈殑鏁村悎銆傝屼笉鏄粠鎴戜滑榪欓噷鑾峰彇鍘熸枡鐢熶駭涓浜涗笢瑗挎潵杞寲瀹冧滑錛岃繖鏄竴涓笉鍚岀殑浠峰奸摼銆傗?/span>
緇煎悎鍜屽浗鏈夌煶娌瑰叕鍙哥殑鐩爣鏄寲瀛﹀搧鎵╁紶錛屼互鎶墊秷鐕冩枡浠鋒牸鐨勪笅璺岋紝浣咶itterling璁や負闄舵皬鍏鋒湁鎸佷箙鐨勪紭鍔褲?鈥滀粬浠皢鍦ㄥ晢鍝佺鏈夋満浼氾紝浣犲繀欏繪敞鎰忚繖涓鐐癸紝鈥滷itterling璇淬?鈥滀絾瑕佸彂灞曞搧鐗屽拰鎶鏈槸鍥伴毦鐨勩傝繎30騫存潵錛屾垜浠竴鐩磋嚧鍔涗簬鍌寲鍓傚拰閫氱敤鏉愭枡鐨勭爺絀躲傛垜浠凡緇忔湁浜嗚繖浜涚粡楠岋紝騫朵笖鑳藉寮鍙戝嚭宸紓鍖栫殑浜у搧銆備換浣曡繘鍏ュ競鍦虹殑浜洪兘涓嶅鏄撳鍒訛紝鍥犱負鎴戜滑鎷ユ湁鍘熸潗鏂欎紭鍔褲傗?/span>
Fitterling鎸囧嚭錛岀敱浜庡叾鎶鏈紭鍔匡紝闄舵皬鏈榪戝湪浜斿勾鍐呭垱閫犱簡浠峰?浜跨編鍏冪殑鐑儍宓屾鍏辮仛鐗╁鉤鍙扮壒璁哥粡钀ユ潈銆?鈥滃競鍦轟笂娌℃湁澶榪欐牱鐨勪駭鍝佸鉤鍙幫紝鈥滷itterling璇淬?鈥滃儚闄舵皬榪欐牱鐨勫叕鍙稿繀欏誨垱閫犺繖涓鐐廣傞殢鐫鏃墮棿鐨勬帹縐伙紝涔熸湁浜轟細鎯寵榪涘叆銆備絾鍒伴偅涓椂鍊欙紝鎴戜滑宸茬粡鍗犻榪欎釜甯傚満錛屾妸鎻′簡榪欎簺鍏崇郴錛屾垜浠皢鐫鎵嬪仛鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑浜嬫儏銆傗?/span>
闄舵皬鏉滈偊鍚堝茍浜?015騫?2鏈堥嬈″甯冿紝闄舵皬鏈鍒濊鎯寵嚦灝戦儴鍒嗗皢鍏惰涓哄啘涓氬寲瀛﹀拰鐢靛瓙鍖栧涓氬姟鐨勯珮鏁堝垎紱繪墜孌碉紝騫舵湁鏈轟細灝嗘潨閭︾殑宸ョ▼鑱氬悎鐗╀笟鍔℃坊鍔犲埌鍏舵姇璧勭粍鍚堜腑銆傚湪嬋榪涙姇璧勮呯殑鍌績涓嬶紝騫惰喘鍚庣殑鎶曡祫緇勫悎瀹℃煡灝嗗伐紼嬭仛鍚堢墿鍜屼竴浜涢櫠姘忕殑閲嶈涓氬姟錛屽寘鎷苯杞︾矘鍚堝墏鍜屽瘑灝佸墏銆佸緩絳戣В鍐蟲柟妗堛佹按鍜屽伐鑹鴻В鍐蟲柟妗堛佸埗鑽拰椋熷搧瑙ｅ喅鏂規銆佸井鐢熺墿鎺у埗浠ュ強涓浜涚鏍戣剛鍩虹殑婧惰В姘?Do)鍜屽嚑涓湁鏈虹涓嬫父涓氬姟杞Щ鍒版潨閭︺?/span>
鑷?015騫翠互鏉ワ紝闄舵皬鎶曡祫緇勫悎鐨勫鍔犲寘鎷細2016騫?鏈堬紝闄舵皬鎴愪負閬撳悍瀹佹湁鏈虹涓氬姟鐨?00%鎵鏈夎咃紝浠ュ強鏉滈偊涔欑儻鍏辮仛鐗╀笟鍔★紝鍖呮嫭寰峰厠钀ㄦ柉宸炲ゥ鍏版不甯傜殑涓瀹跺伐鍘傘?/span>
榪欎笉鏄櫠姘忓湪鍚堝茍璋堝垽寮濮嬫椂棰勬湡鐨勫叏閮ㄦ姇璧勭粍鍚堬紝浣咶itterling琛ㄧず緇撴灉鏄渶浣崇殑銆傞櫠姘忕殑閲嶇偣灝嗘洿鏄庣‘鍦扳滄姇璧勮祫鏈洖鎶ョ巼錛屽洜涓哄畠鏄祫鏈瘑闆嗗瀷浼佷笟錛屽湪鏌愪簺鎯呭喌涓嬫槸楂樿兘鑰楀瘑闆嗗瀷浼佷笟錛岄渶瑕佸叧娉ㄧ幇閲戞祦銆備竴浜涚壒孌婁笟鍔″彲鑳戒笉浼氶偅涔堝叧娉ㄧ幇閲戞祦錛岃屾洿澶氬湴鍏蟲敞鍗曚綅鍒╂鼎鐜囥傗?/span>
鍒涙柊閲嶇偣
闄舵皬姝ｅ湪澧炲姞瀵規暟瀛楁妧鏈殑鎶曡祫錛屽寘鎷珮綰у垎鏋愬拰浜哄伐鏅鴻兘銆傛暟瀛楀寲鎻愪緵浜嗘敼鍠勨滀互瀹㈡埛涓轟腑蹇冿紝鏀瑰彉鎴戜滑緇忚惀鏂瑰紡鈥濈殑娼滃姏錛孎itterling璇淬?鈥滀笘鐣屽彉寰楄秺鏉ヨ秺鏁板瓧鍖栵紝鎴戜滑涔熸槸濡傛銆傗?/span>
鍘誨勾錛岄櫠姘忎環鍊?0浜跨編鍏冪殑鏈夋満紜呬笟鍔″湪涓涓敮鎸佺綉緇滅殑鐣岄潰涓婂疄鐜頒簡榪?0浜跨編鍏冪殑閿鍞錛孎itterling鎸囧嚭銆?鈥滃畠騫舵病鏈夋秷闄ゅ閿鍞漢鍛樼殑闇姹傦紝鑰屾槸灝嗕氦鏄撻儴鍒嗚漿縐誨埌涓涓洿鏈夋晥鐨勫鉤鍙幫紝鈥滷itterling璇淬?鈥滆繖浣挎垜浠彲浠ュ湪鎶鏈湇鍔″拰鍏崇郴緇忕悊涓婅姳鏇村閽便傛垜浠鍦ㄤ笌鍝佺墝鎵鏈夎呭緩绔嬫洿濂界殑鍏崇郴錛屽茍鍦ㄤ笅涓浠ｄ駭鍝佺殑璁捐琛ㄤ笂鍗犳湁涓甯箣鍦般備氦鏄撶鐨勭敓浜у姏寰楀埌鎻愰珮錛屼絾瀹冨厑璁稿鎴峰湪鍟嗕笟鍜屽紑鍙戞柟闈㈠垱閫犳洿楂樼殑浠峰箋傗?/span>
棰勮闄舵皬鐨勫紑鐩樹環灝嗕綆浜庢潨閭?DuPont)鎴朇orteva銆?Fitterling鐩鎬俊錛屼粠闀胯繙鏉ョ湅錛岄櫠姘忓皢姣斿悓琛岃耽寰楁洿楂樻孩浠楓?鈥滈殢鐫鏃墮棿鐨勬帹縐伙紝甯傚満灝嗚瘉鏄庤繖涓鐐癸紝鈥滷itterling璇粹滄垜紜疄璁や負鎶曡祫緇勫悎鐨勫唴鍦ㄤ環鍊奸珮浜庢垜浠殑鍚岃銆傛垜浠彲鑳藉緢鏃╁氨鐪嬪埌浜嗚繖浜涳紝浣嗘垜鐭ラ亾鎴戜滑涓嶄細鍦ㄧ涓澶╁氨瀹屽叏浣撶幇鍑烘潵銆傚垎鏋愬笀浼氳錛岄櫠姘忔槸鍦ㄢ滆鏁呬簨鈥濓紝浣嗕篃璁歌繖鏄竴浠跺ソ浜嬶紝鍥犱負鎴戞潵鑷瘑鑻忛噷宸烇紝涔熷氨鏄滃仛緇欐垜鐪嬧濈殑鍦版柟銆傛垜浠繀欏昏禋閽憋紝閫氳繃璧勬湰綰緥鏉ヨ禋閽憋紝閫氳繃浜х敓鐜伴噾嫻佹潵璧氶挶錛岄氳繃鏄劇ず浼佷笟鐨勫洖鎶ユ潵璧氶挶銆?/span>
Fitterling璇達紝鍒涙柊浠嶇劧鏄櫠姘忔墍鍋氬伐浣滅殑閲嶈閮ㄥ垎銆?鈥滄垜浠渶瑕佺戶緇帹鍔ㄦ墍鏈変駭鍝侀摼涓洿楂樹環鍊肩殑瑙ｅ喅鏂規錛屸滷itterling璇淬?鈥滃鏋滀綘娌℃湁鍒涙柊錛屼綘灝變細鐪嬪埌涓涓綆鍒╂鼎鐜囩殑鏈潵銆傚垎鎷嗗嚭鏉ュ悗錛屽ソ娑堟伅鏄垜浠湁浜嗕竴涓潪甯稿共鍑鐨勬姇璧勭粍鍚堛傛垜浠凡緇忚В鍐充簡寰堝闂錛屽茍涓旀垜浠凡緇忓埗瀹氫簡鍙潬鐨勮鍒掞紝涓鍒囩敱鎴戜滑鏉ュ喅瀹氥傗?/span>
