Toxic heavy metal species are mobilized from industrial activities and fossil fuel consumption
and eventually are bioaccumulated through the food chain, leading to both ecological and health
problems. Recently, micro or nanoscopic materials including microspheres, nanobeads,
nanocomposites, magnetic nano adsorbents, and nanofibrous matrices, are of great interests to be
developed as efficient adsorbents for metal ions, because of their great advantages, such as high
porosity and high specific surface area per unit mass, which should lead to a high fixation ability.
