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Fig. 1 Design of a smart indwelling needle with on-demand switchable anticoagulant and hemostatic property. First, the inner surface of indwelling needle was coated with polydopamine primer formed from self-polymerization of dopamine, followed by modification with FeNPs-HepDA. Then catechol-functionalized chitosan (CHCS) was coated on the outside surface of cannula. This doubly modified needle was injected into the ear vein of rabbit. Blood could be drawn out in 3 h under a magnetic field. When the magnetic was removed, the FeNPs-HepDA was aggregated and released to circulating blood; after 10 min, the needle was pulled out. Under this condition, the external CHCS could prevent bleeding.

Fig. 2 Anticoagulant capability and hemostatic activity of the modified indwelling needle for in vivo model. a) Images showing the anticoagulant process and blood loss in rabbit ear vein. Blood was drawn out every 30 min to measure the anticoagulant potency. The indwelling needle sealed with heparin, which is the most widely used method to maintain the antithrombotic effect of biomedical devices in clinical, was set as the positive control. Once the blood could not be drawn out (meaning the occurrence of blood coagulation), the needle was pulled out from the vein, followed by measuring the blood loss. b-e) Histology section images of a rabbit ear vein after extraction of the indwelling needle. Vertical and horizontal section of blood vessel was displayed. The red arrows represented the residual CHCS film.

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  Փ���B�ӣ�https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2019/MH/C9MH01619H#!divAbstract