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ԓ�ɹ���Polydopamine coated MXene and cellulose nanocrystal as photothermal and reinforcing nanofiller for liquid crystal elastomer-based light-driven soft actuator���}�l����Journal of Colloid And Interface Science��Ӱ�����9.4���п�Ժһ�^��JCRһ�^���ϡ�ԓՓ�ĵĵ�һ���ߞ��ܿڎ����WԺ�쳬�����A�ώ�����W��BԴ��ͨӍ���ߞ��A�ώ�����W�������Ͼ����I��W�������͏V�������W�{ƽ����ͬ���ߞ����_��W�x�������V�������W�{���t���A�ώ�����W�܇��������ɶ���������ȡ�

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the fabrication of NIR-light driven LCE based soft actuator with PMC as photothermal and reinforcing nanofiller.

Figure 2. TEM image of (a) MXene, (b) PDA@MXene, (c) MXene/CNC, and (d) PMC. The (e) C, (f) N, (g) O, and (h) Ti elementary mappings of PMC. The AFM images of (i) MXene, (j) MXene/CNC and (k) PMC, and (l) their height morphology. The SEM images of freeze-dried (m & n) MXene/CNC and (o & p) PMC. (q) The XRD patterns of MAX, MXene, CNC, MXene/CNC, and PMC. (r) The zeta potential values of MXene, PDA@MXene, CNC, MXene/CNC, and PMC. (s) The FTIR spectra of MXene, CNC, MXene/CNC, PDA and PMC. (t) The XPS spectra of MAX, MXene, and PMC. (u) DLS results of MXene and PMC. (v) TGA curves of MXene, CNC, MXene/CNC, and PMC.

Figure 3. The UV-vis spectra of (a) MXene, MXene/CNC, PDA@MXene, and PMC aqueous dispersion. The UV-vis spectra of PMC dispersion with different concentrations of (b) DA and (c) MXene. The (d) digital images, (e) UV-vis spectra, and TEM images of (f) MXene and (g) PMC dispersion stored in ambient environment for 15 days.

Figure 4. Schematic preparation of PMC-LCE using a two-step thiol�Cacrylate method. (a) The molecular structures of RM257, EDDET, PETMP, and DMPA. (b) The preparation procedure of PMC-LCE and corresponding schematic states of PMC and LC molecules.

Figure 5. POM images of (a) pristine LCE and (d) its corresponding 45��-rotated LCE. The POM images of (b & c) PMC-LCE at different magnification and (e) its corresponding 45��-rotated PMC-LCE. (f) The XRD patterns of PMC-LCE before (polydomain) and after (monodomain) alignment. (g) DSC curves of pristine LCE and PMC-LCE. (h) The pristine LCE and PMC-LCE at 30�� to 120��. (i) The actuation strain of pristine LCE and PMC-LCE as a function of temperature.

Figure 6. Photothermal conversion and mechanical performance of LCE films. Temperature of LCE under irradiation of 808 nm NIR laser with different (a) kinds of photothermal nanofillers, (b) concentrations of MXene in PMC, (c) NIR intensities, (d) amount of PMC, and (e) for 1000 NIR on-off cycles. Tensile stress-strain curves of LCE with (f) different kinds of nanofiller and (g) different amount of PMC as nanofiller.

Figure 7. Loads lift testing of PMC-LCE driven by NIR laser at 808 nm at power intensity of 1.5 W. (a) Digital images of PMC-LCE films with NIR laser on or off with loads of different weights. (b) Lengths of PMC-LCE with 10 NIR laser on-off cycles with loads of different weights. (c) Initial lengths of PMC-LCE films before laser on and the actuation strains and stress as a function of loads of different weights. (d) Work capacities and work densities of PMC-LCE with loads of different weights.

Figure 8. PMC-LCE applied as actuators (the red arrows represented the incident direction of NIR laser). (a) Actuator based on tuning NIR irradiation spot for flat-to-bridge shaped deformation. Actuators based on as-designed alignment with (b) tripod shape and (c) helix structure with rolling function. Actuators based on Janus structure functionalized as (d) soft clamp. (e) The J, L, S shaped actuators programmed from PMC-LCE film and (f) walking actuator.

Figure 9. PMC-LCE aquatic actuators. PMC-LCE swimming actuator (a) rotated and (b) moved forward on the water surface with different NIR irradiation spots. (c) Schematic preparation of PMC-LCE underwater walking actuator. (d) The mechanism and images of PMC-LCE actuator walking underwater.
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ԭ��朽ӣ�https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2025.137834
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