任佳欣，陳玲，龔江，瞿金平，牛冉*
低蒸發(fā)焓水凝膠用于太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)水凈化
高分子通報(bào) (2023) accept
日益嚴(yán)重的水資源短缺和水體污染引發(fā)了人們對(duì)先進(jìn)水凈化技術(shù)的研究興趣。太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的界面蒸發(fā)利用清潔的太陽(yáng)能來(lái)分離水和雜質(zhì)，被認(rèn)為是解決缺水和污染最環(huán)保、經(jīng)濟(jì)的技術(shù)。低蒸發(fā)焓水凝膠基光熱轉(zhuǎn)換材料由于其高蒸發(fā)速率、可加工性、可控性和多功能性，成為最有潛力的太陽(yáng)能蒸發(fā)器材料。首先，我們回顧了水凝膠的關(guān)鍵概念，這些概念證明了其在太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的界面蒸發(fā)系統(tǒng)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)，如快速水傳輸和低蒸發(fā)焓。其次，我們總結(jié)了水凝膠的制備方法包括引入的光熱材料以及水凝膠的設(shè)計(jì)策略，以提高水凝膠的整體性能。水凝膠蒸發(fā)器的多種功能在抗鹽、光降解、殺菌和發(fā)電等方面得到了擴(kuò)展。基于水凝膠的上述優(yōu)勢(shì)，我們進(jìn)一步提出了使用于實(shí)際使用環(huán)境的水凝膠蒸發(fā)器的設(shè)計(jì)概念和策略。
Low vaporization enthalpy hydrogels for solar water purification
Abstract: Increasing concerns over water scarcity and pollution leads to growing research interest in advanced water purification technologies. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation, which is driven by clean solar energy for separation of water and impurities, has been considered the most eco-friendly and cost-effective technology to solve water shortage and pollution. Hydrogel-based materials with low evaporation enthalpy outperform most of other potential materials for photothermal conversion due to their breakthrough evaporation rates, processability, controllability and versatility. In this review, we first review the key concepts of hydrogels that show benefits in solar-driven interfacial evaporation systems, including water transport and low evaporation enthalpy. Secondly, we present the fabrication methods of hydrogel evaporators, the incorporated light absorbers, as well as the design strategies of micro/nanostructures for overall hydrogel performance enhancement. Finally, some of the multiple functions of hydrogel evaporators are introduced, such as salt-blocking, Photo-degradation, sterilization, and electricity generation. Considering the benefits of the above hydrogel mechanisms and technologies, we further propose design concepts for hydrogel evaporators required in practical applications. We anticipate the attainment of low-cost, high-efficiency operation and large-scale hydrogel development in the solar water purification, which will establish a solid platform for addressing water resource scarcity and pollution.
Keywords: Solar-driven interfacial evaporation, Hydrogel, Low vaporization, design principle