国内精品国产三级国产在线专_欧美日韩在线播放一区二区_成人xxxx视频_欧美激情视频一区_色女人综合av_久久久亚洲影院_久久久久久九九_成人免费网站在线_日韩美女毛茸茸_狠狠干一区二区

Bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces have offered unique advantages in combating microbial contaminations involving fungi, bacteria, and viruses, especially during the global COVID-19 pandemic. It has been widely accepted that the biofouling-resistant capability of the superhydrophobic substrates principally arises from the entrapped air-layer. With this principle, substantial consideration is devoted to designing superhydrophobic surfaces with an emphasis on stabilizing the air-layer. However, some superhydrophobic surfaces were proven to promote the attachment of microorganisms in certain cases, implying that the mechanisms governing the capacity of superhydrophobic surfaces to mediate microbial adhesion still need to be better understood. Here, we review recent efforts in elucidating the inter-relationship between surface superhydrophobicity and microbial adhesion to make a generalizable consensus on why some superhydrophobic surfaces can repel microbes while others may be incapable. In this context,we shed light on the fact that surface topography and low surface energy are not only the requirements to develop superhydrophobic surfaces but also play a decisive role in endowing surfaces with improved anti-adhesive properties. The obtained viewpoints ideally pave the way for engineering functional superhydrophobic surfaces that aptly reduce microbial contamination on a predetermined basis and can potentially be applied to high-touch surfaces, biomaterial surfaces, personal protective equipment (PPE), and other medical equipment.